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Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case

Shikang TAO, Xinning WANG, Hong CHEN, Xin YANG, Mei LI, Lei LI, Zhen ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 391-401 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0355-x

摘要： A TSI Model 3800 aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) was deployed for single-particle analysis in Shanghai during the World Exposition (EXPO), 2010. Measurements on two extreme cases: polluted day (1st May) and clean day (25th September) were compared to show how meteorological conditions affected the concentration and composition of ambient aerosols. Mass spectra of 90496 and 50407 particles were analyzed respectively during the two sampling periods. The ART-2a neural network algorithm was applied to sort the collected particles. Seven major classes of particles were obtained: dust, sea salt, industrial, biomass burning, organic carbon (OC), elementary carbon (EC), and NH -rich particles. Number concentration of ambient aerosols showed a strong anti-correlation with the boundary layer height variation. The external mixing states of aerosols were quite different during two sampling periods because of different air parcel trajectories. Number fraction of biomass burning particles (43.3%) during polluted episode was much higher than that (21.6%) of clean time. Air parcels from the East China Sea on clean day diluted local pollutant concentration and increased the portion of sea salt particle dramatically (13.3%). The large contribution of biomass burning particles in both cases might be an indication of a constant regional background of biomass burning emission. Mass spectrum analysis showed that chemical compositions and internal mixing states of almost all the particle types were more complicate during polluted episode compared with those observed in clean time. Strong nitrate signals in the mass spectra suggested that most of the particles collected on polluted day had gone through some aging processes before reaching the sampling site.

关键词： ambient aerosol     aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer     Shanghai     world exposition    

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Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

Qi YING

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 348-361 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0343-1

摘要： The UCD/CIT model was modified to include a process analysis (PA) scheme for gas and particulate matter (PM) to study the formation of secondary nitrate aerosol during a stagnant wintertime air pollution episode during the California Regional PM /PM Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) where detailed measurements of PM components are available at a few sites. Secondary nitrate is formed in the urban areas from near the ground to a few hundred meters above the surface during the day with a maximum modeled net increase rate of 4 μg·m ·d during the study episode. The secondary nitrate formation rate in rural areas is lower due to lower NO . In the afternoon hours, near-surface temperature can be high enough to evaporate the particulate nitrate. In the nighttime hours, both the gas phase N O reactions with water vapor and the N O heterogeneous reactions with particle-bound water are important for secondary nitrate formation. The N O reactions are most import near the surface to a few hundred meters above surface with a maximum modeled net secondary nitrate increase rate of 1 μg·m ·d and are more significant in the rural areas where the O concentrations are high at night. In general, vertical transport during the day moves the nitrate formed near the surface to higher elevations. During the stagnant days, process analysis indicates that the nitrate concentration in the upper air builds up and leads to a net downward flux of nitrate through vertical diffusion and a rapid increase of surface nitrate concentration.

关键词： secondary nitrate aerosol     N2O5 heterogeneous reaction     process analysis    

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Computational fluid dynamics simulation of aerosol transport and deposition

Yingjie TANG, Bing GUO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 362-377 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0365-8

摘要： In this article computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation of aerosol transport and deposition, i.e. the transport and deposition of particles in an aerosol, is reviewed. The review gives a brief account of the basics of aerosol mechanics, followed by a description of the general CFD approach for flow field simulation, turbulence modeling, wall treatments and simulation of particle motion and deposition. Then examples from the literature are presented, including CFD simulation of particle deposition in human respiratory tract and particle deposition in aerosol devices. CFD simulation of particle transport and deposition may provide information that is difficult to obtain through physical experiments, and it may help reduce the number of experiments needed for device design. Due to the difficulty of describing turbulent flow and particle-eddy interaction, turbulent dispersion of particles remains one of the greatest challenges for CFD simulation. However, it is possible to take a balanced approach toward quantitative description of aerosol dispersion using CFD simulation in conjunction with empirical relations.

关键词： computational fluid dynamics (CFD)     aerosol     transport     deposition    

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Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 506-510 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0275-5

摘要： The collision frequency function for aerosol particles has already been calculated for the free molecule regime and for the continuum range. The present work, taking into account the influence of internal force fields such as magnetic force, electric force and molecular forces, created by particles themselves, recalculated the collision frequency in the case of particles much smaller than the mean free path of the gas (free molecule regime). Attractive forces increase naturally the collision frequency, while repulsive forces decrease it. The calculation was performed for all types of central forces deriving from a potential, including Coulomb forces and Van der Waals forces.

关键词： aerosol particles     collision frequency function     coagulation    

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Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1516-1

摘要：

• The Chinese population exposure habits were surveyed.

关键词： Legionella     QMRA     Reclaimed water     Aerosol     Water reuse    

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Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1714-0

摘要：

● The emission reduction causes significant change in organic aerosol composition.

关键词： Emission control     Secondary organic aerosol     Atmospheric oxidizing capacity     Holiday effects     COVID-19 lockdown    

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Prediction of the theoretical and semi-empirical model of ambient temperature

Foued CHABANE,Noureddine MOUMMI,Abdelhafid BRIMA,Abdelhafid MOUMMI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 268-276 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0413-y

摘要： It is well known that the ambient temperature is a sensitive parameter which has a great effect on biology, technology, geology and even on human behavior. A prediction is a statement about an uncertain event. It is often, but not always, based upon experience or knowledge. Although guaranteed accurate information about the future is in many cases impossible, prediction can be useful to assist in making plans about possible developments. As a result, temperature profiles can be developed which accurately represent the expected ambient temperature exposure that this environment experiences during measurement. The ambient temperature over time is modeled based on the previous and data and using a Lagrange interpolation. To observe the comprehensive variation of ambient temperature the profile must be determined numerically. The model proposed in this paper can provide an acceptable way to measure the change in ambient temperature.

关键词： ambient temperature     environment     correlation     theoretical model     semi-empirical    

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Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1452-0

摘要：

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR.

关键词： Haze     Sulfate     Nitrate     Heterogeneous chemistry     Biomass burning     Northeast China    

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Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1475-6

摘要：

• The concentrations of 13 heavy metals in Taihu Lake were analyzed.

关键词： Heavy metals     Human health ambient water quality criteria     Taihu Lake     Health risk assessment     Contribution rate    

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Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NO

Biwu CHU, Jiming HAO, Junhua LI, Hideto TAKEKAWA, Kun WANG, Jingkun JIANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第1期   页码 1-9 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0476-x

摘要： Aerosol phase reactions play a very important role on secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and metal-containing aerosols are important components in the atmosphere. In this study, we tested the effects of two transition metal sulfate salts, manganese sulfate (MnSO ) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO ), on the photochemical reactions of a toluene/NO photooxidation system in a 2 m smog chamber. By comparing photochemical reaction products of experiments with and without transition metal sulfate seed aerosols, we evaluated the effects of transition metal sulfate seed aerosols on toluene consumption, NO conversion and the formation of ozone and SOA. MnSO and ZnSO seed aerosols were found to have similar effects on photochemical reactions, both enhance the SOA production, while showing negligible effects on the gas phase compounds. These observations are consistent when varying metal sulfate aerosol concentrations. This is attributed to the catalytic effects of MnSO and ZnSO seed aerosols which may enhance the formation of condensable semivolatile compounds. Their subsequent partitioning into the aerosol phase leads to the observed SOA formation enhancement.

关键词： manganese sulfate     zinc sulfate     seed aerosols     toluene photooxidation     secondary organic aerosol    

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How aerosol direct effects influence the source contributions to PM

Litao Wang, Joshua S. Fu, Wei Wei, Zhe Wei, Chenchen Meng, Simeng Ma, Jiandong Wang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年 第12卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-018-1014-2

摘要： Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei area is the most air polluted region in China and the three neighborhood southern Hebei cities, Shijiazhuang, Xingtai, and Handan, are listed in the top ten polluted cities with severe PM pollution. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impacts of aerosol direct effects on air quality over the southern Hebei cities, as well as the impacts when considering those effects on source apportionment using three dimensional air quality models. The WRF/Chem model was applied over the East Asia and northern China at 36 and 12 km horizontal grid resolutions, respectively, for the period of January 2013, with two sets of simulations with or without aerosol-meteorology feedbacks. The source contributions of power plants, industrial, domestic, transportation, and agriculture are evaluated using the Brute-Force Method (BFM) under the two simulation configurations. Our results indicate that, although the increases in PM concentrations due to those effects over the three southern Hebei cities are only 3%–9% on montly average, they are much more significant under high PM loadings (~50 μg·m when PM concentrations are higher than 400 μg m ). When considering the aerosol feedbacks, the contributions of industrial and domestic sources assessed using the BFM will obviously increase (e.g., from 30%–34% to 32%–37% for industrial), especially under high PM loadings (e.g., from 36%–44% to 43%–47% for domestic when PM >400 μg·m ). Our results imply that the aerosol direct effects should not be ignored during severe pollution episodes, especially in short-term source apportionment using the BFM.

关键词： Aerosol direct effect     PM2.5     Southern Hebei     WRF/Chem     Haze    

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Chemisorption solid materials for hydrogen storage near ambient temperature: a review

Yiheng ZHANG, Shaofei WU, Liwei WANG, Xuefeng ZHANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 72-101 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0835-7

摘要： Solid chemisorption technologies for hydrogen storage, especially high-efficiency hydrogen storage of fuel cells in near ambient temperature zone defined from −20 to 100°C, have a great application potential for realizing the global goal of carbon dioxide emission reduction and vision of carbon neutrality. However, there are several challenges to be solved at near ambient temperature, i.e., unclear hydrogen storage mechanism, low sorption capacity, poor sorption kinetics, and complicated synthetic procedures. In this review, the characteristics and modification methods of chemisorption hydrogen storage materials at near ambient temperature are discussed. The interaction between hydrogen and materials is analyzed, including the microscopic, thermodynamic, and mechanical properties. Based on the classification of hydrogen storage metals, the operation temperature zone and temperature shifting methods are discussed. A series of modification and reprocessing methods are summarized, including preparation, synthesis, simulation, and experimental analysis. Finally, perspectives on advanced solid chemisorption materials promising for efficient and scalable hydrogen storage systems are provided.

关键词： hydrogen storage capacity     chemisorption     near-ambient-temperature     modification methods     alloy hydrides    

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Secondary aerosol formation in winter haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

Dongjie Shang, Jianfei Peng, Song Guo, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1326-x

摘要： Abstract • Characteristics and interannual variation of aerosol pollution are illustrated. • Mechanisms of secondary aerosol formation in winter haze of North China are reviewed. • Directions in future studies of secondary aerosol formation are provided. Severe haze pollution occurs frequently in the winter over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region (China), exerting profound impacts on air quality, visibility, and human health. The Chinese Government has taken strict mitigation actions since 2013 and has achieved a significant reduction in the annual mean PM2.5 concentration over this region. However, the level of secondary aerosols during heavy haze episodes showed little decrease during this period. During heavy haze episodes, the concentrations of secondary aerosol components, including sulfate, nitrate and secondary organics, in aerosol particles increase sharply, acting as the main contributors to aerosol pollution. To achieve effective control of particle pollution in the BTH region, the precise and complete secondary aerosol formation mechanisms have been investigated, and advances have been made about the mechanisms of gas phase reaction, nucleation and heterogeneous reactions in forming secondary aerosols. This paper reviews the research progress in aerosol chemistry during haze pollution episodes in the BTH region, lays out the challenges in haze formation studies, and provides implications and directions for future research.

关键词： Secondary aerosol formation     Regional haze     Photochemical reaction     Aqueous reaction     Chemical mechanism    

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The energy-environment nexus: aerosol science and technology enabling solutions

Pratim BISWAS, Wei-Ning WANG, Woo-Jin AN

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 299-312 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0351-1

摘要： Energy issues are important and consumption is slated to increase across the globe in the future. The energy-environment nexus is very important as strategies to meet future energy demand are developed. To ensure sustainable growth and development, it is essential that energy production is environmentally benign. There are two temporal issues—one that is immediate, and needs to address the environmental compliance of energy generation from fossil fuel sources; and second that is the need to develop newer alternate and more sustainable approaches in the future. Aerosol science and technology is an enabling discipline that addresses the energy issue over both these time scales. The paper is a review of aspects of aerosol science and engineering that helps address carbon neutrality of fossil fuels. Advanced materials to meet these challenges are discussed. Future approaches to effective harvesting of sunlight that are enabled by aerosol studies are discussed.

关键词： energy-environment nexus     aerosol science and technology     fossil fuels     carbon dioxide conversion     solar energy     nanoparticle technology    

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Hygroscopicity of ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou, China

Jiachen ZHANG, Lin WANG, Jianmin CHEN, Shengmao FENG, Jiandong SHEN, Li JIAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 342-347 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0358-7

摘要： In this study, hygroscopicity of size-segregated ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou was studied from 28th December 2009 to 18th January 2010, using a hygroscopicity-tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA). The submicron particles in Hangzhou showed a minor hygroscopic growth at 73% relative humidity (RH), and then grew significantly between 77% and 82% RH. Monomodal distribution accounted for 90% for 30 nm particles, 17% for 50 nm particles, and less than 7% for particles larger than 50 nm at 82% RH. Deconvolution of the bimodal distribution indicated a less hygroscopic group and a more hygroscopic group, with the fraction of the more hygroscopic group increasing with the initial dry particle size and then remaining almost constant for accumulation mode particles. Our results imply that submicron particles in urban Hangzhou were almost entirely externally mixed, and the hygroscopic properties of ambient particles in urban Hangzhou were mainly a function of their size and chemical composition.

关键词： hygroscopicity     hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA)     submicron ambient particles     Hangzhou    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Single particle analysis of ambient aerosols in Shanghai during the World Exposition, 2010: two case

Shikang TAO, Xinning WANG, Hong CHEN, Xin YANG, Mei LI, Lei LI, Zhen ZHOU

期刊论文

Physical and chemical processes of wintertime secondary nitrate aerosol formation

Qi YING

期刊论文

Computational fluid dynamics simulation of aerosol transport and deposition

Yingjie TANG, Bing GUO

期刊论文

Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

期刊论文

Aerosol exposure assessment during reclaimed water utilization in China and risk evaluation in case of

期刊论文

Response of organic aerosol characteristics to emission reduction in Yangtze River Delta region

期刊论文

Prediction of the theoretical and semi-empirical model of ambient temperature

Foued CHABANE,Noureddine MOUMMI,Abdelhafid BRIMA,Abdelhafid MOUMMI

期刊论文

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

期刊论文

Human health ambient water quality criteria for 13 heavy metals and health risk assessment in Taihu Lake

期刊论文

Effects of two transition metal sulfate salts on secondary organic aerosol formation in toluene/NO

Biwu CHU, Jiming HAO, Junhua LI, Hideto TAKEKAWA, Kun WANG, Jingkun JIANG

期刊论文

How aerosol direct effects influence the source contributions to PM

Litao Wang, Joshua S. Fu, Wei Wei, Zhe Wei, Chenchen Meng, Simeng Ma, Jiandong Wang

期刊论文

Chemisorption solid materials for hydrogen storage near ambient temperature: a review

Yiheng ZHANG, Shaofei WU, Liwei WANG, Xuefeng ZHANG

期刊论文

Secondary aerosol formation in winter haze over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region, China

Dongjie Shang, Jianfei Peng, Song Guo, Zhijun Wu, Min Hu

期刊论文

The energy-environment nexus: aerosol science and technology enabling solutions

Pratim BISWAS, Wei-Ning WANG, Woo-Jin AN

期刊论文

Hygroscopicity of ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou, China

Jiachen ZHANG, Lin WANG, Jianmin CHEN, Shengmao FENG, Jiandong SHEN, Li JIAO

期刊论文